| “Greater Tumen Initiative” and Cooperation in Northeast Asia |
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Greater Tumen Initiative A Unique Cooperative Mechanism
In terms of intergovernmental cooperation in Northeast Asia (NEA) the Greater Tumen Initiative programme (GTI) may serve as a unique model of intergovernmental cooperation. GTI (originally known as the Tumen River Area Development Programme TRADP) was created in 1995 on the basis of the intergovernmental agreements among five NEA countries Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, People’s Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Mongolia and Russian Federation, with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The main goal of GTI is to promote economic cooperation in Northeast Asia (with a special focus on the Tumen River cross- border area), in order to achieve greater growth and sustainable development for the people and countries in the region. Since its creation GTI remains a platform for multilateral economic cooperation, contributing to economic growth, peace and stability in the region. For the Tumen Region, which partly consists of remote and landlocked areas of large countries, regional cooperation is an effective way to ensure economic growth and to improve living standards. Regional cooperation is a vital part of the development process and a building block for effective participation in world trade and capital markets. Cross-border cooperation helps to ensure energy security, improve basic infrastructures, develop tourism and adopt international environmental standards in the member countries. The meetings of the Consultative Commission the main institutional structure of GTI provide the unique platform for intergovernmental exchanges among the member countries. The coordination of GTI activities on daily basis is undertaken by the Tumen Secretariat (based in Beijing), which is transforming the decisions, taken by the GTI Consultative Commission, into the practical actions. The Secretariat is guided by the CC Chairperson, and is functioning in close cooperation with the member countries and UNDP. The GTI cooperation is actively supported not only by GTI central governments, but also by regional and local authorities, NGOs and business community throughout the world. Promoting Economic Peaceful Cooperation in Northeast Asia The NEA region has enormous potential for investment and job opportunities with its rich mineral resources, advantageous geographical situation and skilled, educated and competitive labor pool. But this potential could be fully realized only through joined efforts and common will. The regional trade and investments in NEA were growing very quickly in the recent years, driven by easy access to cheap capital and high international consumer demand. The financial crisis transferred these tendencies into a sharp decline in FDI inflows and exports as a result of collapsed global demand. However, NEA has a huge potential to grow, and according to some estimates, the NEA region will recover from the economic crisis more quickly and with less negative consequences than other regions of the world. Many of NEA economies have high savings, moderate debts and have introduced impressive stimulus packages which will help them to overcome the negative consequences of the crisis. In order to facilitate the economic recovery, the world leaders have agreed to abstain from protectionism and not to introduce the new trade barriers. Nevertheless, the Northeast Asia region still remains bounded with a lot of restrains its the only region in the world without internal Free Trade Agreements and it doesn’t have any proper institutional platform for joint cooperation (like ASEAN in Southeast Asia). The Northeast Asia countries have not yet harmonized their investment regulations, resulting in a limited number of large-scale trans-border investment projects. Such situation keeps the business community restrained from high investments, keeping business in uncertainty, expecting further improvements and the creation of predictable and homogeneous business conditions in this region. To promote economic growth, trade and investment, a stronger regional cooperation in NEA is needed (which could be a unique opportunity for NEA countries to improve their business environment and secure sustainable economic development). Moreover, the enhanced GTI economic cooperation helps to improve political relations and stability in the Northeast Asian Region, which has been marked in the past by the scars of the Cold War, national division, international power struggle and conflicts, and still remains not the most stable one. To ensure the stable and sound development in the future, all countries of the region should strengthen their joint efforts and reinforce cooperative mechanisms. In today’s globalizing world, the challenges which we are facing such as climate change, financial crisis, food and energy security, natural deceases could be effectively treated only by joint efforts. If all six NEA countries (China, ROK, Mongolia, Russia, DPRK, Japan) would be involved in the one integrative framework, this would provide the best cooperation platform and mutual benefits for all countries of the region. GTI Progress Achieved During the 15 years of its existence GTI has achieved a remarkable progress in strengthening regional cooperation in NEA and in Tumen region in particular. One of the most important steps in the promotion of the GTI cooperation was done in 2005 in Changchun, at the 8th meeting of the GTI Consultative Commission. The governments agreed then to extend the originally concluded agreements for another 10 years and adopted so called Changchun Agreements in which they committed to take the full ownership of the Greater Tumen Initiative through increased contribution of financial and human resources with the continuous support by UNDP. The meeting adopted the GTI Strategic Action Plan 2006 – 2015, identifying four priority sectors for joint cooperation: transport, energy, tourism and investment, with environment as a cross-cutting theme. The 9th meeting of the GTI Consultative Commission was successfully held in 2007 in Vladivostok, Russia, marked with another progress in regional cooperation. This meeting proved to be a turning-point, demonstrating a shift to a more pragmatic approach to cooperation, focusing on development in real sectors of economy. A number of “GTI projects” were earmarked by the member countries for joint realization. The GTI institutional structures the Energy Board, the Tourism Board and the Environment Board were created to boost regional cooperation in key sectors of economy. With the strong support provided by the UN Office for Partnership and UNDP, the GTI Business Advisory Council (BAC) was established to serve as an effective private-public partnership mechanism for economic cooperation in the region. The 10th meeting of the GTI Consultative Commission, the 2nd Investment Forum and the 3rd BAC meeting were successfully concluded in March 2009 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The Ulaanbaatar Declaration, adopted by the meeting, summarized the main discussions and results achieved. This meeting demonstrated the progress in regional cooperation among GTI countries and resulted in a number of concrete decisions. A new institutional structure the GTI Transport Board was established with the purpose of developing a proper transport infrastructure and a logistical network to support economic cooperation among GTI countries. The first meeting of GTI transport Board will take place later this year. For the purposes of technical procedural facilitation of regional trade among the GTI countries, the participants expressed their interest in the establishment of the Trade Facilitation Committee, aimed at the promotion of the regional trade and elimination of artificial trade barriers. The GTI cooperation is actively supported not only by GTI central governments, but also by regional and local authorities, NGOs and business community. During the 10th CC meeting, a joint session with the GTI Business Advisory Council and the 3d meeting of BAC were held, which laid a solid foundation for strengthening the public private dialogue in Northeast Asia. At the current stage, the GTI member governments pay more attention to practical economic integration and continue to cooperate in the realization of so called “GTI Projects” (approved by the Consultative Commission for joint realization). The GTI projects include NEA Ferry Route (Sokcho Niigata Zarubino Hunchun), Modernization of Zarubino Port in Russia, Tumen River water protection, Mongolia-China Railway Construction, Capacity Building in the Energy sector, Resumption of Hunchun-Makhalino railway, Road & Harbor project on China-DPRK border, Multi-destination tourism development and others. The member countries are undertaken concrete steps for the realization of these projects and to attract more foreign investment. As tasked by GTI Consultative Commission, the Tumen Secretariat is continuously undertaking activities to promote and brand these projects. The Way Forward In order to ensure further successful development of the Northeast Asia region, the joint efforts of NEA countries and international organizations are needed. This task shall include the strengthening of multilateral cooperative mechanisms in NEA with its legal basis and financial instruments providing more strong high-level political support developing of partnerships, the advocacy of the region and its potential the simplification of the procedures of cross-border goods flows improvement of business environment etc. The NEA countries are showing in the last years the growing interest for joint cooperation. There are numerous evidences of high-level attention of the GTI countries to the regional affairs: the Federal Program on Promotion of Far East and Siberia, adopted by the Russian government the forthcoming (2012) APEC meeting in Vladivostok the Chinese Central government Programme of Revitalization of the Northeast Industrial provinces and the approval of Border Development Zone in the Tumen River Delta the starting negotiations between ROK and DPRK on creation of first joint venture in food industry in the Rason zone the forthcoming construction of Mongolian transit railways the development of NEA Ferry Route and the discussion on the construction of undersea tunnels between ROK, Japan and China all this provide the unique opportunities for boosting trade, investment and sustainable development in the region. The facilitation of economic integration in the region is per se a very important task, but the strengthening of good neighborhood and mutual understanding among the peoples should not be disregarded as of less important. From this point of view much more is needed to be done to promote better understanding and confidence between people of NEA countries. The sustainable development of the region is not only the inter-governmental deal, but also the matter of social responsibility for business, NGOs and academic institutions. There is a high need for creation of special Funds for NEA cooperation, which could deal with common education, communication and cultural activities in the Northeast Asia. In this regard the joint events organized by GTI together with other partners, such as UN Office for Partnerships, UN World Tourism Organization, NEAR, Jeju Peace Institute and others play a very important role in the promotion of the peaceful and sustainable development in NEA, and we are looking forward to strengthen and develop our cooperation and partnership in the coming period. 이 글에 포함된 의견은 저자 개인의 견해로 제주평화연구원의 공식입장과는 무관합니다. * Dr. Nataliya Yacheistova Director of GTI/UNDP Secretariat |