| Security Situation on the Korean Peninsula and Its Prospects |
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LIU Ming(Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences) Recent Developments between the Two Koreas and its Implications These recent months have witnessed a dazzling array of shuttle diplomacies among China, the US, North and South Korea, Japan and Russia, which means growing demands, or pressure, for the resumption of the Six-party talks (SPT) and to change the stalemate on the Korean Peninsula. (Wu Dawei visited Seoul Kim Sung-hwan visited Beijing Shinsuke Sugiyama visited Seoul and there were recently disclosed, secret talks between the two Koreas in Beijing, etc.) China and South Korea have agreed to take the three-step approach for the resumption of Six-party talks. However, South Korea still demands as a pre-condition for talks with North Korea, an apology for the sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, as well as some measure of public sincerity for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. What South Korea asks, ultimately, is to change the old pattern long applied in the past inter-Korean relations, and to construct a new formula, which contains: taking South Korea as the main counterpart in the nuclear talks, not the US and realizing that to have assistance from the South, they should not be taken for granted. North Korea must first satisfy Seoul’s demands and respect South Korea’s position. It is general thinking that Pyongyang would not yield in a way that is acceptable to South Korea’s demands. Even if the DPRK admitted to the attack on the Cheonan last year and extended an apology to the South, it is very unlikely for the ROK to hold high-level talks with DPRK since the South’s public opinion will not allow such an appeasement policy. Nevertheless, North Korea is clearly aware that the crux for a better surrounding environment lies with South Korea. Therefore, it has to do something to soothe South Korea enmity. They’ve tried some means to goad the South into action. Their proposed talks on the joint study on the possible eruption of a dormant volcano in Chang Bei Mountain (Baekdu Mountain) and the military generals meetings reflected their tactics. But evidently, Seoul saw through Pyongyang’s tactics and would not be hoaxed by these approaching proposals. Seoul is also facing several dilemmas: US impatience for an indefinite period of waiting for the resumption of SPT North Korea is accelerating its UEP development and Lee Myung Bak is moving towards his last year and a half term of presidency. He really wants to hold a summit with Kim Jong-il to sell his proposal-“no nuclear, opening door and 3000”, and to pursue some achievements and leave a legacy in the history books. However, he is not in a strong position to make a real compromise with Pyongyang in terms of peoples’ and conservatives’ sentiment against North Korea. The inter-Korean secret talks held in May in Beijing showed that the ROK wanted to choose a road in between. For the US, it is also at a cross-road. As Pyongyang opened its UEP to an American scientist Siegfried Hecker last November, Washington felt it imperative to resume talks with the North (Bosworth said only diplomacy, not sanctions could solve the problem). However, they could not take that step at that moment: for one they had to take South Koreans’ feelings into account the other is they didn’t want to fall into the North Korea brinkmanship trap again. Therefore, before going back to talks, they first need a UN endorsed resolution to condemn Pyongyang as well as some substantive signs from the North for denuclearization, which will strengthen the American position in the future talks. Given the above delicate situation, there still exists a possibility of breakthrough this year, since the US and North Korea already held several 1.5 track talks in some places. The disclosure of secret talks between the two Koreas by the North only reveals DPRK’s impatience with Lee Myung Bak and his high-pitched rhetoric, and disappointment at the rewards that the South might assuredly offer for the proposed summits. The Challenges North Korea Is Facing and Its possible Activities in Near Future Kim Jong-il’s visit to China in May reflected something of North Korea. First Kim feels urgency to improve its worsening economy and wants to leave a better economic environment to his son. For this consideration, he is trying to use their mineral materials and the port located on the East Sea to lure China to be deeply involved in its development of two joint projects in the border areas. One project is to develop an island called Hwanggumpyong in the lower reaches of the Tumen River. This island will become a center of tourism, logistics and manufacturing. In his trip, the dear leader visited various industrial facilities, including an auto plant, an electronics producer, a discount store and an IT company. Second, it also wants to explore the possibility of relaxing tensions with the South and reverse the unfavorable surrounding environment through Chinese diplomatic influence and cooperation. Coming back to Six-party talks and agreeing to discuss denuclearization are his symbolic gift for Chinese leaders. Thirdly, though the DPRK has successfully elected Kim Jong-un as the vice Chairman of the Military Commission of the Worker Party and formed a supportive core group for its future power transition last year, Kim is still worried about his son-Kim Jong-un’s power base and the uncertain destiny of the leadership succession course. He must do his best to seek trust and get support and assurance from China. Warming personal relations with Chinese next generation leaders and pretending to expand policy consultations with Beijing are his tactics. The most important and immediate goal for North Korea is to maintain a stable situation on the Korean Peninsula in the coming years. Further provocative actions and getting involved in a new round of crises are not in its best interests. In spite of this, they don’t have any confidence in resuming meaningful talks with Lee Myung Bak’s administration. Their focal points have shifted to the next South Korean President, whether it is Miss. Park Geun Hye from the Grand National Party or Sohn Hak-kyu from the Democratic Party. It is clear they haven’t prepared for any substantive behavior change. Waiting for a favorable leader in the South is their strategy. As for the Six-party talks, the North doesn’t have an interest in progressive, or substantive resolutions. Their future leader must rely on the threat of a nuclear armed North Korea to secure the regime and for prolonging his rule. Libya CVID’s model is reminding them of the potential danger for discarding a nuclear threat. However, it is within the realm of possibility that they propose to freeze and disable all its UEP (even shipping out all the equipments) in exchange for LWR (Light Water Reactor) assistance, if Washington re-opens talks and hammers out a deal with them. 이 글에 포함된 의견은 저자 개인의 견해로 제주평화연구원의 공식입장과는 무관합니다. * Liu Ming Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences |